10/10/24

Journeys with the Tamil Yoginis

A group of Yogini goddesses and Shiva once shared a temple in the village of Kaveripakkam, in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Simultaneously fierce, dynamic, and beneficent, these Yogini goddesses embody the multiple aspects of the female divine in South Asia. Yogini temples can include dozens of sculptures, which are typically arranged in a circular format with a roofless structure. Today, twelve sculptures from the Tamil Yogini temple reside in museums in India, Europe, and North America, including the museums where we are curators. In this presentation, we will explore the thousand-year histories of the Tamil Yoginis and sculptures associated with them—from their no-longer-extant temple, to their movements within India, to their eventual export and arrival in the museums that steward them today. We also share our work-in-progress for presenting an exhibition that reunites the dispersed sculptures, reinvesting the Yoginis with context, meaning, and community. Acknowledgments on behalf of the speakers, Dr. Katherine Kasdorf and Dr. Emma Stein: As we work towards bringing the Tamil Yoginis together for an exhibition, we are deeply inspired by Padma Kaimal’s book, "Scattered Goddesses: Travels with the Yoginis" (2012), and we are indebted to her for ongoing discussions and an endless well of intellectual support. We bring forth her methodology—tracing the Yoginis’ journeys from the temple they originally inhabited to the museums where they reside today—into the galleries, reinvesting the now-dispersed sculptures with context, community, and a renewed sense of meaning. In addition to Kaimal’s work, our project builds upon significant scholarship by authors including Vidya Dehejia (1986, 2021), James Harle (2000, 2008), Shaman Hatley (2012, 2013, 2014, 2019), Charlotte Schmid (2013), Debra Diamond (2013), and others. We are also grateful for in-depth conversations with colleagues who participated in symposia and workshops held at the Annual Conference on South Asia (Madison, WI, October 2019), the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art (online, May 2020), Colgate University (online, October 2020; Hamilton, NY, November 2022), the Detroit Institute of Arts (online, June 2022), and the American Council of Southern Asian Art Symposium (Ann Arbor, MI, April 2024). Our sincere thanks go to the Kanchipuram community and the many people in India without whom our fieldwork would not be possible. Our research on the Tamil Yoginis has been generously supported by the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Asian Art, the Detroit Institute of Arts, the Lilly Endowment, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and Colgate University.

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